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Written by Oleksandr Gavenko (AKA gavenkoa), compiled at 2015-10-05 from rev 764bb173578d.

List hardware.

Linux hardware compatibility databases.

http://www.linux-drivers.org/
Links for various databases.
https://h-node.org/
Hardware database of devices that work with a fully free operating system.
http://linux-sound.org/hardware.html
Audio interfaces for Linux.
http://openbenchmarking.org/
Public result database from Phoronix Test Suite for Linux.

Distros list of supported hardware:

https://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/
How to install, configure and use Debian on some specific hardware.
https://en.opensuse.org/Hardware
OpenSuse.
https://hardware.redhat.com/
RedHat.

List of supported video / graphics card / chipset card by Xorg:

List of supported laptops/mobile:

http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/
  Reports on running Linux on notebook or laptop computers.
http://tuxmobil.org/
  Laptop/mobile support.

Printers:

LAN:

http://linux-wless.passys.nl/
Linux wireless LAN support.

List hardware under Linux.

Command line:

dmesg
Messages about detecting new hardware.
lshal -m
monitor for hardware changes
lspci
All PCI devices.
lspci -vvv
All PCI devices. Very verbose output.
sudo lspci -vvvnn
All PCI devices. Very verbose output with vendor and device codes as both numbers and names.
hwinfo --short
Overview of all hardware, as well as more detailed info.
lshw
Another program for listing hardware.
lshw -html | w3m -T text/html
Lists hardware with HTML output in the w3m web browser.
uptime
Current time elapsed since last reboot, users, and load average.
lsusb
USB buses and attached devices.
lsusb -vvv
USB buses and attached devices. Very verbose output.

GUI: hardinfo, lshw-gtk.

List hardware under Windows.

%WINDIR%\system32\msinfo32.exe
msinfo32
http://www.cpuid.com/softwares/cpu-z.html
cpu-z
%WINDIR%\system32\dxdiag.exe
DirectX Diagnostic Tool
%WINDIR%\system32\devmgmt.msc /s
Device Manager

List processors.

cat /proc/cpuinfo
All processors, clock speeds, flags, and more.
watch -d grep MHz /proc/cpuinfo
CPU MHz speed monitor.
cat /proc/loadavg
Processor load average for the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes.
top
Press C key to sort processes by CPU usage.
sudo powertop
CPU usage by processes, idle/freq/dev stats

List memory.

free
Total, used, and free memory.
free -m
Total, used, and free memory shown in MB.
cat /proc/meminfo
Amount of RAM and swap, and how much is being used for what.
top
Real-time memory consumption. Press M key to sort processes by memory usage.
$ cat /proc/meminfo
$ sudo lshw -class memory
$ sudo lshw -short -C memory
$ sudo dmidecode --type memory

$ sudo apt-get install i2c-tools
$ sudo modprobe eeprom
$ sudo decode-dimms

$ read-edid

Graphics card.

glxinfo
Details about OpenGL, the Xserver, and your graphics card.
glxinfo | grep direct
Do you have direct 3d rendering?
glxinfo | grep vendor
Graphics card vendor.
lspci | grep VGA
Specific graphics card model.
glxgears
A simple 3d benchmark, prints frame rate to the terminal.
xrandr
Supported display resolutions.
xdpyinfo
Utility for displaying information about an X server.
xvinfo
Print out X-Video extension adaptor information.
xdriinfo
Query configuration information of DRI drivers.

Audio.

lspci | grep Audio
Audio controller.
aplay --list-devices
More audio device information.

Software versions.

cat /etc/issue
Current distribution and version.
apt-cache showpkg packagename
Packagename’s version and dependencies.
uname -r
Linux kernel version.
uname -a
All kernel details.

Networking.

lspci | grep Ethernet
Ethernet controllers.
ip addr show
List of netword devices, assigned IP addresses and MAC addresses.
ifconfig
Networking interfaces, IP addresses, and more.

Hard disks.

df -H
Partitions, as well as their mount-points and usage in GB.
sudo fdisk -l
All partitions, their device names, and positions on disk.
hwinfo --disk or lshw -class disk
Disk hardware info.
smartctl
Show S.M.A.R.T. reports about disk heals.

Fan/temperature/voltage.

Detect available sensors:

$ sudo apt-get install lm-sensors
$ sudo sensors-detect

Load corresponding kernel module, like:

$ sudo modprobe coretemp

Check output:

$ sudo sensors

sensors uses /sys/class/hwmon/* hierarchy.

HDD temperature through SMART:

$ sudo hddtemp /dev/sd?

BIOS info.

Human readable string with BIOS.motheboard names:

$ dd if=/dev/mem bs=64k skip=15 count=1 | strings

Find out virtualization type.

$ sudo apt-get install virt-what
$ virt-what

$ sudo apt-get install imvirt
$ imvirt